> base_x:=sin(t)*sin(2*t); > base_y:=cos(t)*sin(2*t); > z:=0.2*sin(100*t); base_x := sin(t) sin(2 t) base_y := cos(t) sin(2 t) z := .2 sin(100 t) > dx:=diff(base_x,t): > dy:=diff(base_y,t): > T_x:=simplify(dx/sqrt(dx^2+dy^2)); > T_y:=simplify(dy/sqrt(dx^2+dy^2)); 2 sin(t) (3 cos(t) - 1) T_x := ------------------------------ 4 2 1/2 (3 cos(t) - 3 cos(t) + 1) 2 cos(t) (3 cos(t) - 2) T_y := ------------------------------ 4 2 1/2 (3 cos(t) - 3 cos(t) + 1) > dT_x:=diff(T_x,t): > dT_y:=diff(T_y,t): > N_x:=simplify(dT_x/sqrt(dT_x^2+dT_y^2)); > N_y:=simplify(dT_y/sqrt(dT_x^2+dT_y^2)); / 2 4 6 / | N_x := cos(t) (12 cos(t) - 15 cos(t) + 9 cos(t) - 4) / | / | \ / 2 4 2\1/2\ 4 2 3/2 |(2 - 3 cos(t) + 3 cos(t) ) | | (3 cos(t) - 3 cos(t) + 1) |----------------------------| | | 4 2 2| | \(3 cos(t) - 3 cos(t) + 1) / / / 2 4 6 / | N_y := - sin(t) (9 cos(t) - 12 cos(t) + 9 cos(t) - 2) / | / | \ / 2 4 2\1/2\ 4 2 3/2 |(2 - 3 cos(t) + 3 cos(t) ) | | (3 cos(t) - 3 cos(t) + 1) |----------------------------| | | 4 2 2| | \(3 cos(t) - 3 cos(t) + 1) / / > x:=base_x+0.1*(N_x*cos(100*t)+N_y*sin(100*t)): > y:=base_y+0.1*(N_x*sin(100*t)+N_y*cos(100*t)): > with(plots): > spacecurve([x,y,z],t=0..2*Pi,numpoints=2000,axes='NORMAL', > scaling='CONSTRAINED',thickness=2,orientation=[-80,40]);